雷電沖擊發生器成套試驗裝置主要用于電(dian)(dian)力設備等(deng)試品進行雷電(dian)(dian)沖擊電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)全波、雷電(dian)(dian)沖擊電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)截波和(he)操作(zuo)沖擊電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波的沖擊電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)試驗(yan)，檢驗(yan)絕緣性能。

100～10000kV系(xi)列各種(zhong)容量成套沖擊電(dian)壓（電(dian)流(liu)(liu)）試驗裝置。并可(ke)提供多種(zhong)波(bo)形系(xi)列成套沖擊電(dian)壓（電(dian)流(liu)(liu)）發生(sheng)器。沖擊試驗裝置主要(yao)由：發生(sheng)器本體、截波(bo)、分(fen)壓器、四組件控制(zhi)臺(tai)（控制(zhi)臺(tai)分(fen)為(wei)微機型(xing)和普(pu)通型(xing)）、數字化波(bo)形記(ji)錄系(xi)統等(deng)組成。

雷電(dian)(dian)沖(chong)擊(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)器通(tong)常都采用Marx回(hui)路(lu)(lu)，如圖1所(suo)示。圖中(zhong)C為級電(dian)(dian)容,它(ta)們(men)由(you)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R 并(bing)聯(lian)起(qi)(qi)來,通(tong)過整流(liu)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)T-D-r充電(dian)(dian)到V。此時,因(yin)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)r 一(yi)般(ban)比(bi)R 約(yue)大(da)10倍,它(ta)不僅保護(hu)了整流(liu)設備(bei),而且(qie)還能保證(zheng)各(ge)級電(dian)(dian)容充電(dian)(dian)比(bi)較(jiao)均勻(yun)。在第1級中(zhong)g0為點火(huo)球隙，由(you)點火(huo)脈沖(chong)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)；其他各(ge)級中(zhong)g為中(zhong)間(jian)球隙,它(ta)們(men)調整在g0起(qi)(qi)動(dong)后逐個(ge)動(dong)作(zuo)。這些球隙在回(hui)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)起(qi)(qi)控(kong)制開關的(de)作(zuo)用,當它(ta)們(men)都動(dong)作(zuo)后,所(suo)有級電(dian)(dian)容C 就(jiu)通(tong)過各(ge)級的(de)波頭電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)Rf串聯(lian)起(qi)(qi)來,并(bing)向負荷(he)電(dian)(dian)容C0充電(dian)(dian)。此時,串聯(lian)后的(de)總電(dian)(dian)容為C/n，總電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為nV。n為發(fa)生(sheng)器回(hui)路(lu)(lu)的(de)級數。由(you)于(yu)(yu)C0較(jiao)小，很快就(jiu)充滿電(dian)(dian),隨(sui)后它(ta)將與(yu)級電(dian)(dian)容C一(yi)起(qi)(qi)通(tong)過各(ge)級的(de)波尾(wei)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)Rt放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。這樣，在負荷(he)電(dian)(dian)容C0上就(jiu)形成(cheng)一(yi)很高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)短(duan)暫脈沖(chong)波形的(de)沖(chong)擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。在此短(duan)暫的(de)期間(jian)內,因(yin)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R 遠大(da)于(yu)(yu)Rf和Rt,因(yin)

雷電(dian)(dian)沖(chong)擊發生器而它們起著各(ge)級之間(jian)隔離電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)作用。沖(chong)擊電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)發生器利用多級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器并聯(lian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、串聯(lian)放電(dian)(dian)來(lai)產生所需的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，其波形(xing)可由(you)改(gai)變Rf和Rt的(de)阻(zu)值進(jin)行(xing)調整, 幅值由(you)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)V 來(lai)調節，極性可通過倒(dao)換硅堆D兩極來(lai)改(gai)變。